Shampoos are simply cleansing agents. The basic requirements of shampoos are that they should remove dirt and grease efficiently, be easily rinsed off, leave hair shiny and manageable. The 'per hydrogen value' (pH) of hair and scalp is slightly acidic, having a pH average of between 4 and 6.

Conditioners coat the cuticle of the hair, making it easier to comb and giving it the surface sheen that makes hair look good.

Gels contain water-soluble plastic resins with a plasticiser to allow flexibility. They are usually mixed with alcohol so they will dry quicker but this can dry out the hair and damage it. Conditioners are used for sculpting, dressing, texturising, slicking and moulding hair.

Hairspray is a finishing product that forms an invisible film over the hair. The ingredients include resins to give it hold, proteins for strength, and emollients for pliability and shine. Used for holding, shaping and adding shine to hair.

Mousse is a formulation of polymers and conditioners in a mixture of water and alcohol and dispensed as foam. Used for blow and diffused drying, scrunching and finger combing.

Serum/glass/polish/shine-sprays are modes of oils and silicone and some contain polymers. Used for adding shine and smoothness or alternately frizz to hair. It is also used to temporarily repair split ends.

Setting/styling lotions often contain alcohol, anti-static ingredients, plastic resins and polymers. Used in roller setting, scrunching, blow and natural drying.

Wax/pomade/creams are formulated with mineral oils and lanolin to make pliable. Used for dressing, controlling frizz and static, molding and adding body to hair.

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